What the diagnosis actually rests on
Two of three: irregular or absent ovulation, clinical or biochemical hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovarian morphology on scan – after thyroid disease, raised prolactin and late-onset adrenal hyperplasia have been excluded. A scan alone does not make the diagnosis, and many women are told they have PCOS on the strength of one ultrasound.
The five to ten per cent that matters
A weight loss of five to ten per cent of body weight restores ovulation in a substantial proportion of women with PCOS and a raised BMI. That is four to seven kilograms for many patients – a target that is reachable, unlike the number most women are told to aim for.
What to change first
Protein at breakfast, a cap on refined carbohydrate at the evening meal, and one hundred and fifty minutes of activity a week with two sessions of resistance work. Sleep of less than six hours worsens insulin resistance measurably; it is treated as part of the plan here rather than as lifestyle advice.
Where medication fits
Cycle regulation, insulin sensitisation or ovulation induction are prescribed for a defined period with a review date, not indefinitely. If you are trying to conceive, the sequence is different and is planned at the visit.
When to see the doctor
·Cycles longer than 35 days, or periods that have stopped
·Acne, hair loss or excess facial hair
·Difficulty conceiving after twelve months